Friday, August 21, 2020

The vocabularies of rappers

I'm not a big hip-hop/rap guy, but I do listen to some from time to time. I found it interesting, though, that someone has gone through all the trouble to analyze the lyrics of a whole lot of popular rappers and has produced this ranking of rappers' vocabularies, based on the number of unique words used in their lyrics.
Perhaps not surprisingly, egghead rapper Aesop Rock (still my favourite rapper, as it happens, Long with, perhaps, Shabazz Palaces  and Run the Jewels) is way out ahead of the pack with 7,879 unique words used. Not too far behind him, though, comes Busdriver (whom I've never even heard of) with 7,324 words. A good jump further back come Jedi Mind Tricks (6,424) and GZA (6,390), whom I've also never heard of, and then, perhaps surprisingly, the Wu Tang Clan (6,196) and MF Doom (6,189), whom I have heard of.
After that the field starts to thicken. The really popular guys tend to be in the middle of the pack, like Jay-Z (4,275), Eminem (4,480), Kendrick Lamar (4,017), 2Pac (3,815), Snoop Dogg (3,797), Kanye West (3,760), Nikki Minaj (3,616), Drake (3,347), etc. "Middle of the road" in many ways, then.
Down at the other end of the list are Lil Uzi Vert (2,556), NF (2,472) and DMX (2,936). And yes, this does include swear words, which probably make up a good proportion of the total. The bottom ten also includes Lil Baby, Lil Durk and Lil Yachty, so if you see "Lil", you probably have a good idea of what to expect.
Now, just to put all that into perspective, the average 20-year old American has a vocabulary of about 42,000 words, depending on how you count them, although that does not mean that they USE that many words on a regular basis (their "active vocabulary is probably closer to 20,000). Even the average 8-year old has a vocabulary of around 10,000 words, and a 5-year old 5,000 words. For further context, Shakespeare supposedy used 17,000-20,000 different words in his very wordy plays (not the often-quoted 30,000, which includes all the different parts of speech derived from the same words).
But to put it in possibly a better perspective, a different version of the same study (available as a screenshot) also marks Shakespeare and Herman Melville's Moby Dick on the same scale, using the first 5,000 words of seven of Shakespeare's top plays and the first 35,000 words of Melville's opus (35,000 words is the what the rappers' analyses are based on). This puts Shakespeare at 5,170 words, and Melville at 6,022. So, in the upper echelons, to be sure, but not up in the rarefied atmosphere of Aesop Rock ad Busdriver. There again today's rapper have a lot more works to choose from - hell, Shakespeare had to invent a whole load of words, although around 400 of them, not the 1,700 often ascribed to him - and, arguably, Rhymezone rhyming dictionary or Theseaurus,com.
And, just for good measure, here's a little taste of Aesop Rock's weird and wonderful oeuvre: (this from 2012's Leisureforce):
Postcards from the pink bath paint leisure
As a cloaked horse through a stained-glass Saint Peter
Hack faith-healer, cheat death to the very end
Cherry wooden nickels on his specs for the ferrymen
X, o, zodiac a pentagram expo
Pet cemetery in electric fresco
Abaddon threshold flesh-forged in the galley
With undead orcs pulling oars through the algae
Smash cut to a smoke-bombed quarantine
Guards like "all signs correlate with sorcery"
It's more a dormant cell of valor as awoken by the smell of sordid power
And defecting shortly after
Fist bump dry land, brackish, cat nap 15
Back to swiss-cheese the flagship, uh
Blue in the menacing grip of a day for which you're manifestly unfit 
Final answer "not to be", "not to be" is right!
Next question - to build winged shoes or autophagy
Silk screen band tees, take apart a VCR, ringer off, canned peas
Cabin fever mi amor
Patiently adhering to the chandelier ta key-in-door
To usher in the understated anarchy of leisureforce
Led a purple tongue and ratty caballeros
Up over the black rainbow into the house of mirrors
To become a thousand zeroes
Echoing a twisted alchemy, freak flags, fluttering to circadian free jazz
Sleep apnea scratching "bring that beat back"
I doze off, clothes on, noise in the feedbag
Shhh. om nom nom, blinds drawn
Compost thrown to the spine pile, bygones, mangy
Intimately spaced pylons on a plot of inhospitable terrain
Hi mom!
Quite... Probably not too many rappers have "autophagy" in their repertoire. Or, for that matter, "vivarium", "terraforming", "scoliosis" or "sussurus".

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